Iron Curtain, Marshall Plan and Berlin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Iron Curtain, Marshall Plan and Berlin - Essay Example and military barrier to communication; it was established between the democratic countries like Western Europe and communist countries like Soviet Union. There was also an agreement signed for free access to Berlin (Berlin 1948-1949). Winston Churchill delivered his Iron Curtain speech which gave birth to cold war. The Iron Curtain speech was about the victory of America and the power they hold; he wanted peace and co operation with the United Nations. He wanted to establish a good relationship between Americans and Britain by calling them English speaking cousins. There will be a mutual security agreement and they will work together for establishing peace (Iron Curtain 1945-1947). He was in favor of America and totally against Russia which was a very strong starting point of the cold war which lasted for years. He threatened that the Western and Eastern Europe will get separated and this was the Iron Curtain which will be established. He wanted a defense pact and wanted to establish a proper military setup along with creating moral unity. Western foreign policies setup along with a vivid picture of cold war being established are few highlighting points of the Iron Curtain speech. Another important point was the Marshall plan or more popularly known as the European recovery plan. Marshall was not happy with the pace of the recovery of Europe post world war. He introduced programs for development of America and Western Europe. The basic requirement was here to build a better economic plan rather than fighting a battle against Russia. There was a chaos in Europe and the requirement was to eliminate causes of starvation, poverty and anxiety rather than fighting a war against Russia. The plan was directed to improve the economy. Some saw this recovery plan as an attempt to divide Europe and the main cause of the cold war however the Marshall plan was an extended version of the Iron Curtain whose major concern was to establish Europe after world war. Marshall Plan

Othellos Loss for Words Essay -- Othello William Shakespeare Essays

Othello’s Loss for Words Othello’s character throughout the play demonstrates a skill and confidence in the art of language. From the beginning we see long, eloquent speeches that dazzle his audience – eloquently mixing complex words that help portray him as not only a strong warrior but also a fighter with a sound mind. However when Iago pressures him about the possible relationship between his wife Desdemona and Cassio, Othello’s passion for his beloved wife breaks down his self-control. In the next few pages I will demonstrate how Othello’s speech during the beginning of the play helps to strengthen his character, and by his death, he’s but a stuttering empty shell of a man. In addition, we’ll compare the language of the moor with that of Iago and see how anti-heroic words shape the way we see this self-interested character. During the third scene of the first act, Othello speaks eloquently about how he’s won and married Desdemona. This is a beautiful forty-line speech that really shows his capacity to articulate and communicate effectively before the higher court. The language that he uses helps us see Othello as a true, confident leader. Shakespeare writes: Hath this extent, no more, Rude am I in my speech, And little blessed with the soft phrase of peace, For since these arms of mine had seven years pith Till now some nine moons wasted, they have used Their dearest action in the tented field And little of this great world can I speak More than pertains to feats of broils and battle. (I.iii.81-87) Here Othello uses irony to subtly demonstrate his grasp of the English language. His claim that he is â€Å"rude† in speech is particularly revealing because he knows all too well that no one in that room would believe that he has rudimentary abilities. Similarly, the remaining line of this example shows us his poise with regard to physical strength and the leading of armies. Ultimately, use of this kind of language reflects Othello’s lofty ideals. From the onset, we are given words that mirror powerful, dramatic images that know no bounds – and with that, we see his strength and passion for being both an idealized military general and a devoted, loving husband. In contrast, if we look at the language of Iago we see long soliloqui... ...use of animal imagery continuing as before. In the final act of the play we see Iago’s language shift from long lines filled with evil thoughts to shorter sentences – much like Othello in act four. However, Iago’s slyness remains. Shakespeare writes: I have rubbed this young quat almost to the sense, And he grows angry. Now, whether he kill Cassio Or Cassio him, or each do kill each other, Every way makes my gain. (V.i.11-14) It isn’t until Othello begins to understand what has happened that we see a shift in each characters word selections. Once Othello slowly comes to realize Iago was behind the scandal, his confidence in speech begins to come back – and we start to notice more coherent thought. It’s interesting to think about how words play the most crucial role in creating imagery for an audience. In the case of these two characters, particularly Othello, the emotional wave he rode was only represented by his ever-changing use of words. In the beginning, we cheered for him – and by the end of play we weren’t sure what to think. Had he become as evil as Iago? Iago on the other hand, well, he’s just Iago.

Jose Rizal Epic Poem Essay

A natural hero was born on 1861 His name was Jose Rizal A gifted child who studied foreign languages This great hero was the founder of La Liga Filipina. During his lifetime there was a war The Philippines was shattered to the ground.. Many uprisings were fought against the Spaniards! All of it failed until the Noble Jose Rizal came. His divine weapon was not a sword nor a gun But a small pen. A pen so great it united the Filipinos. His words inspired the hearts of all It spread all over the country like a wild fire The Spaniards heard it just like a wind whispering to them They locked Jose Rizal in a dark tiny chamber in a basement They tortured him.. Oh poor sir Jose Rizal.. Yet his hated grows and burns within his soul The Filipinos planned to free him They had worked so hard.. and it succeeded! Jose sighed.. â€Å"What a beautiful sight† But he said â€Å" I’ll stay here to represent our nation† Andres Bonifacio another great hero said.. â€Å"Are you sure Jose?† And Jose replied â€Å"with all my heart yes I am..† The Spaniards came with an army so great They have to leave Jose Rizal to the hands of the Evil Spaniards They confine him with a great heavy chains Tormented his life for trying to escape And one day the government ordered his death His death day was on December 30, 1896 There he was standing alone under the heavy rain Behind him a hundred gunman to shoot him dead. The leader shouted Fire! and then a gun echoed in the area, the Heroic Jose Rizal was shot in the back.. his eye sight blurred for the last time He felt the pain starts to erupt up to his spine he breathe for the very last time He looked up into the misty sky collapsing facing the gunman There he was lying dead on the bloody ground The Clouds weeps for his death All the Filipinos who watched him get shot screamed No! His death inflamed the hearts of the Filipinos

Admission Essay Writing Service 3 Top Medical Universities and Key Demands to Apply for Them

Medical schools are, perhaps, the most selective when it comes to choosing their students and with a good reason. The medical field is a high-stakes one, where every decision is literally life and death. The courses are very long and very expensive. In the end, it is in everyone’s best interests that the right candidates are chosen for the job. In the US, the top three medical schools are Harvard University Medical School, Stanford University, and Johns Hopkins. These are some of the most important things they seek in applicants: 1. Harvard University This school’s high reputation in the medical industry means they try to choose the most uniquely suitable candidates possible. Furthermore, it is very competitive, so much so in fact that many brilliant students do not even consider applying to it in the first place. One of the first things Harvard med school admissions officers will look at is the GPA and MCAT scores. Obviously, the higher the scores, the higher one’s chances of having the opportunity to move to the next step. These scores are not used to expressly determine to whom the slots are given, but are used to cut off students who are not suitable for interviews. Further, Harvard typically accepts individuals that have outstanding leadership experience. The world expects a Harvard-educated doctor to be a leader in their field, and this is one of the most important traits admissions look for. For international students, it pays to have attended and graduated from an accredited university in the US or Canada. 2. Stanford The Stanford application process happens through the American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS). Just like Harvard, Stanford is also big among the MCATs. They require strong letters of recommendation as well. After the first step of application through the AMCAS, the next step is the Stanford supplemental application. One must impress the admissions board with their personal essay. Applicants that are deemed impressive enough, then, move on to the next acceptance stage. 3. Johns Hopkins This is one of the smallest and most exclusive educational and research facilities in the country. It is also one of the most selective, with an average admission rate of 13 percent. To get into the medical school, it is important to meet the institution’s SAT/ACT requirements and have a high GPA. This will only get you through to the second round, though, where you will have to further impress the admissions board with your resume, your application essay, and interests. With a good admission essay writing service, this should not necessarily be a difficult thing to pull off. It is also important to note that applications processes for Johns Hopkins might be a little different from the average university. Ultimately, medical school applications are considered depending on the applicants’ grades and their character. The best schools in the country are especially always looking for individuals they know will not only be the best doctors but will uphold the reputation of the institution. Prospective students must not only demonstrate that they have consistently achieved good, but also show the admissions officers that the school is a good fit for them and that they are a good fit for the school.

The Sources Of Fossil Fuels - 1428 Words

IV. Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels are the natural fuels such as coal or gas found in the Earth’s crust. It is formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms. A hydrocarbon deposit, such as oil, coal, or natural gas, derived from the accumulated remains of ancient plants and animals. Carbon dioxide and other gases were produced by burning fossil fuels are considered to be one of the principal causes of global warming. A. The origin of coal is a plentiful fossil fuel and has been used historically by the Greeks, Romans, and Chinese. 1) Types of coal – how formed, composition. a) Peat as an energy source is limited and was not considerably ranked. It is the first step in the coal formation and is made of over sixty†¦show more content†¦Lignite is also the lowest ranked because of its low heat content. Usually it was burned as a fuel at some steam electric generating plants that are mined in China, Greece, Germany, Turkey, Canada and the United States. However, while Germany’s electricity comes from lignite power plants, Greece, lignite is approximately 50% of power. Lignite’s carbon content is only 25% - 35%. c) Bituminous coal is formed as more pressure is enforced on to the lignite coal. The more the pressure is enforced, the more water is discharged which increases the amount of pure carbon and increases the heat content of the coal. Bituminous coal is mostly formed when a sub-bituminous coal is of higher levels of metamorphism. It is used in the United States at about 50%, and across Europe. Bituminous has a carbon content between 77% and 87% on a dry ash-free basis and a heating value that is much higher that lignite or sub-bituminous coal (2). Sub-bituminous is the second lowest energy content. d) Anthracite coal is of a metamorphic rock and is considered the highest grade. It is hard and its color is dark black and shiny. It has a very light weight when compared to other forms of coal and there is a very little water present. As a result, anthracite has the highest heat content and less smoke. Its pure carbon content is over 85%. Anthracite is formed when the bituminous coal is opened to extreme pressure. Historically, anthracite was mined in a 480 square

Essay about Short Answer Questions on Foreign Policy

Question #3: Looking at the last 6 months, what issues have defined our foreign policy in the Middle East. This should be an action-based assessment. What interests do these policy points serve and why? The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has been an issue that definitely defined The U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East. Israel is an ally of the U.S. that receives a lot of foreign aid from the states. It’s a priority for the U.S. to protect Israel so it’s obvious where its’ loyalty lies. Israel also has good relations with Egypt; Egypt is crucial to the security of Israel, so that makes them an automatic ally that receives quite a bit of funds as well. It’s an on-going issue that makes pointing out allies clear as well as seeing who the top†¦show more content†¦Some of the policies AKP has enacted while in office lean toward Islamic rule. Some schools began teaching Quran, Erdogan wishes to abolish abortion, and although headscarves are banned it’s hardly ever enforced. All to which the secularists have fought back (Fortin). Question #5: Taking your assigned country (unless you have Turkey, Israel, or Palestine) please explain its importance, or lack thereof, to the United States and its foreign policy in the Middle East. Please discuss the countries relationship with Saudi Arabia. And finally, please discuss any major involvement it has had in the peace process with Israel. If you are assigned to one of these countries, you may select any other country and write about it. After doing quite a bit of research I’ve come to the conclusion that Egypt’s relationship with the U.S. is heavily reliant on Egypt’s relationship with Israel and it’s involvement with the peace process. It’s all linked. Egypt has been a supporter of peace in the Middle East and especially in Israel. Egypt always tried to convince Israel that peace was possible and could very well last (â€Å"Egypt’s Role†). Taking into account it’s long history of support for peace, and it being a crucial ally in the Middle East peace process, Egypt is crucial to the security of Israel. This is where the U.S. comes in. Because Israel isShow MoreRelatedEssay on SA IBL TB8e Ch131461 Words   |  6 Pagescircumstances, the presentation of research by a U.S. scientist at a convention in a foreign nation may require an export license. ANS: T PTS: 1 2. The Department of Commerce possesses the power to restrict imports. ANS: T PTS: 1 3. The current law that controls the export of goods from a U.S. manufacturer to a foreign buyer also controls the re-export of those goods beyond the boundaries of the country of the original foreign buyer. ANS: T PTS: 1 4. Among the reasons for controlling exports are theRead MoreIgnorance is not Bliss Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Why do they hate us?† Its a flexible question, isnt it? 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Project Report on Education Society Free Essays

string(41) " symbiotic relationship with industries\." GURUKUL EDUCATION SOCIETY DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR ESTABLISHING AN EDUCATION SOCIETY SCHOOL COMMERCE INSTITUTE IN INDIA CONTENTS Page No. PREAMBLE CHAPTER I : BRIEF DETAILS OF COLLABORATING PARTNERS. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Report on Education Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Introduction : 1. 2. Background of the Consultants 1. 3. Technical Education Industry Scenario CHAPTER II : THE PROMOTING BODY 2. 1. Introduction to its Genesis including its Registration Status 2. 2. Details of its Promoters including their Background 2. 3. Activities of the Promoting Body including a listing of major educational promotional activities undertaken till now. 2. 4. Mission of the Promoting Body 2. 5. Vision of the Promoting Body CHAPTER III : OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED PROGRAMME 3. 1 Objectives 3. 2 General and Commerce Education Scenario in the State 3. 3 Status at Entry Level 3. 4. Status of Commerce Level manpower 3. 5 Industrial Scenario of the State 3. 6 Scope of the College vis-a-vis the Industrial Scenario and Educational Facilities already available in the State and in this Institute. CHAPTER IV :ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES 4. 1 Basic Academic Philosophy of the Institution 4. 2 Types of Programmes 4. 3. Identified Programmes 4. 4. Phase-wise Introduction of Programmes Intake 4. 5 Target Date for Start of Academic Programmes 4. 6 Central Computing facility 4. 7 Central Library 4. 8 Affiliating Body 4. 11 Scholarships CHAPTER V: SALIENT FEATURES OF ACADEMIC DIVISIONS 5. 1 Classification of Academic Divisions i. e. Departments,Centres, Schools, Central Academic Facilities. 5. 2. (i) Commerce (120 seats) 5. 2. (i) 1 Academic Objectives 5. 2. (i) 2. : Areas of Focus . 2. (i) 3. : Academic Programme 5. 2. 4 : Faculty Requirement Phase-wise Recruitment 5. 2. 5 : Requirement of Laboratories, Space and Equipment (cost) 5. 2. 6 : Requirement of other Space like Class Rooms,Faculty Rooms, Departmental Office. CHAPTER VI : LINKAGES IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION 6. 1. : Introduction 6. 2. : Linkages with Industry 6. 3. : Linkages with the Community 6. 4. : Linkages with Institutions of exc ellence such as the IIMs and ICAI. 6. 5. : Linkages Abroad CHAPTER VII : GOVERNANCE 7. 1. : Philosophy of Governance 7. 2. : State Central Governance CHAPTER VIII : ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT 8. 1. : Organizational Structure Chart for day-to-day Operations Management 8. 2. : Role and Responsibilities of Key Senior Positions 8. 3. : Methods/Style of Administration/Management CHAPTER I : BRIEF DETAILS OF COLLABORATING PARTNERS. A. Gurukul Education Society In the following pages brief details of collaborating parteners 1) ——— and 2) ——- are given B. INTRODUCTION To meet the increasing demand of qualified manpower in the field of emerging areas of commerce and Industry. And to provide the Primary education facilities to common man in village, Gurukul Education society, pune is formed with the approval of All India council for Education, Govt of india. It is affiliated to Pune University and Pune Board. In todays World of 21 century, our country is on the road map of Globalization, hence more and more industries are attracting towards India and specially towards Rural Area. As they are considering there rural area as beneficial investment. Hence Gurukul Education society is planning to open a Primary School and Commerce college in Pune District at Yavat. C. Backround of the Counsultants. Solution Provider pvt. Ltd. are appointed as consultants to regularize assist for project completion. The Solution Provider are serving various clients for last 25 years. They have very good goodwill in market commitment complier. CHAPTER II : THE PROMOTING BODY 2. 1 Introduction to its Genesis including its Registration Status Gurukul Education Society, registered in 1998 in pune has established Gurukul Institute of commerce in Pune. Whose members include well-known Industrialists, Businessmen, Professionals and Educationists. The people associated with the Society are engaged in rendering social services in Pune and Mumbai. The members of the society are committed to provide the investment needed for the education with global competitiveness. No compromise is made in ensuring the high quality of education in the Institute. 2. 2. Details of its Promoters including their Background The promoters consist of Industrialists, Businessmen, Professionals Educationists. The list is given on the following pages. In there are a large number of members in the following categories: (i) Founder Members : 44 ii) Members : 39 (iii) Aajiwan Sahyogi : 156 (iv) Donors : 21 2. 3 Activities of the Promoting Body including a listing of major educational promotional activities undertake till now. The promoters of the society have been involved in various activities related to basic and professional education, health care and have established a number of educational institutions consisting of Engineering College, Polytechnic, IT I and are also managing Five Public Schools at various locations in Maharashtra. 2. 4 Mission of the Promoting Body The missions are mentioned below: 1. To arrange, establish, run and manage Nursery, Primary Higher Secondary and Higher Education in Commerce Institutions. Colleges for all types of higher education; preparation for various competitive examinations and civil services and to provide education to the General Public, poor and needy children, SC, ST Community and other sections of the society and to provide education as per the Policy of the Govt. of India. 2. To arrange, establish run, manage, control, lookafter, and super-vise Commerce Educational Institutions, Colleges, Lecture halls, part time Coaching Education Centre n Charitable basis and other establishments or Institution for advancement of education and knowledge in arts, science, social science, knowledge of public hygine, literature and humanities, etc. 3. To establish environment preservation and pollution control centres to restrain the spread of pollution and to conduct such programmes which aim at preservation of environment, improvement and control of pollu tion. 2. 5 Vision of the Promoting Body †¢ To provide for excellence in Commerce Education and Research. To provide computers as: an aid to study, an object of study, a professional tool, an intellectual tool, an instrument of social change. †¢ To develop strong communication skills in the students †¢ To create awareness for social, historical, ethical, cultural and human values. †¢ To create a culture for self and life long learning. †¢ To create an intellectual spirit and capability for critical judgement. †¢ To establish a symbiotic relationship with industries. You read "Project Report on Education Society" in category "Essay examples" †¢ To develop entrepreneurship programmes and promote student entrepreneurs. †¢ To develop continuing education programmes. To create an awareness for development with equity and environmental values. †¢ To undertake resource generation and provide consultancy services. CHAPTER III : OBJECTIVES AND SCOP E OF THE PROPOSED PROGRAMME 3. 1 Objectives 3. 1-i GURUKUL SCHOOL. * To promote preliminary education * To open Marathi medium English medium school * To promote extra circular activities such as, sports, social activities, art etc. * Enhancement of quality of education to students 3. 1-ii GURUKUL COMMERCE COLLEGE. * Access to modern course material of international level. Enhancement of quality of education to students. * Enhancement in avenues for jobs to the student. * Enhancement in value addition to the existing programme. * Initiation of post graduation education. 3. 2 General and Commerce Education Scenario in the State Pune can be rightly called an Educational city. There is One Central Universities, and a number of Deemed Universities. 3. 3 Status at Entry Level Gurukul School Child completed 3 years of age can start Pre preliminary house followed by Preliminary secondary school life. Gurukul Commerce College 0+2 students in Commerce stream opt for Commerce Courses. The n umber of seats available in Pune per thousand students compared to other states is very low. This imbalance needs to be corrected. CHAPTER IV: ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES 4. 1 Classification of Academic Division The following major divisions/departments exist in the school college. * Pre preliminary * Preliminary (Std. 1st to 4th ) * Secondary ( Std. 5th to 10th ) * Higher Secondary ( Std. 11th 12th ) * Graduation in Commerce ( B. com) * Post Graduation in Commerce (M. com) 4. 2 Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship is the greatest service to the society. The fruit of Commerce is harvested by the entrepreneur and served to the society in different baskets and packages. The prosperity of the society is directly linked to the successful entrepreneurs. 4. 3 Liberalization and Globalization: If a society is compelled to single out one determinant of competitiveness, in the era of globalisation based economy, one has no option but to choose commerce education since in the end people are the ultimate assets in global competition. This Institute imparts education for global competitiveness. . 4 Computerization of Learning Process : As already mentioned, Computer is the central medium for the learning process viz, (i) Visualization of concepts and processes through graphics and multimedia in multidimensional continuum, (ii) Analytical details under changing parameters and environment, (iii) Tutorial software for deeper understanding of the subject, (iv) Self paced learning, which normal ly can not be created without computers. The Institute provides seamless opportunities for innovative learning. CHAPTER V: SALIENT FEATURES OF ACADEMIC DIVISIONS 5. 1. :Academic Objectives Through this course of School college students are well versed in Commerce being made aware of the endless opportunities opened by the application of academic knowledge information technology for a total integration of system spanning and global scenario. There is a great demand for such manpower as the industries are moving for a higher level of globalisation. 5. 2. : Areas of Focus Globalisation finance transferency. 5. 3:Faculty Requirement Phase-wise Recruitment For the collaborative programme with the University all faculty members will must have Ph. D. degrees. For the collaborative programme with the University the following key faculty members have already been identified to be appointed. (i) Professor Yogesh Mathur Accounts (ii) Professor V. P. Srivastava Financial Management (iii) Professor M. M. Bhutani Corporate Law (iv) Professor Suresh Chandra Computer (v) Dr. C. R. Roy Humanities (vi) Dr. Krishan Kumar Costing Others will be appointed in consultation with key faculty members through proper advertisements. 5. 4: Requirement of Laboratories, Space and Equipment For school we require to have laboratories no need to have laboratories for commerce college. Space requirement for such laboratory will be substantial. All equipments required are of high quality will be ordered from reputed suppliers. CHAPTER VI : LINKAGES IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION 6. 1. : Introduction School commerce college education is based on societal needs of today and tomorrow. Society is seamlessly becoming dependent of Information Technology, All aspects of human endeavour is taking new shapes and directions for a higher level of productivity, efficiency for over all development. 6. 2. : Linkages with Industry The Institute promotes the activities in co-operation with the Industries. Students and Faculty members are sent to visit Industries. With M/s. Laxmi Iyer, a more compact relationship has been undertaken as specified by them. 6. 3. : Linkages with the Community : The requirements of the Community have been well studied and crystallized. Accordingly, educational programs have been designed. Pune is becoming metropolitan city. Hence, the needs of the community here are different from the rural community. The education at the Institution provides deep knowledge computer skills. 6. 4. : Linkages with other Institutions in the region : There is initiative to linkage with all the Commerce Institutes in India like ICAI, ICSI. This will help students to per sue professional education while taking formal education with Institute. 6. 5. : Linkages Abroad Efforts are made to have linkage with abroad universities/Institutes, as the infrastructures and faculty are no less than any foreign institutes. Therefore, this collaboration will bridge this gap and help students to be globalise in every aspect be it education or job. CHAPTER VII: FINANCIAL ASPECT 7. 1: Organisational structure and chart for day to day operation and management. President/secretary (chairman) HEAD OFADMINISTRATIVEEXAMINATIONLIBRARIAN DEPARTMENTOFFICERBRANCH/INCHARGE FACULTYSUPERINTENDENT ATTENDANCESTAFFDEPARTMENT OF STAFF HOUSE KEEPING DATA ENTRYATTENDANT TELEPHONE OPERATOR OPERATOR STORE INCHARGE CLERKS ELECTRICIAN CANTEEN 7. 2: SCHOLARSHIPS. Institutes believes, it has responsibility towards society in which functioning and also provides help to students of weaker section of society especially SC/ST/NT. * State government provides scholarship to weaker students whose income is below average. Arrange for education loan to needy students from banks. * Issue free books to meritorious students. * Also help meritorious but poor, physically challenge and orphan students. * Grants provides by university grant commission. 7. 3: PHASEWISE FINANCIAL REQUIRMENT. Financial requirement for building, furniture, library, labs and workshops, teaching and non-teaching staff is on the following lines. The cost analysis is based on the current rates. 7. 4: S alary: – teaching and non-teaching staff is as follows. particulars| Amount(in rupees p. m)| Principal| 75,000| Professor| 50,000| Assistant professor | 35,000| Lecturers | 25,000| Lab assistant| 15,000| Maintenance staff| 13,000| Office assistant| 13,000| Librarian| 10,000| TOTAL| 2,30,000| 7. 5: Land, Building Infrastructure Facility Land| 130,00,000| Building| 100,00,000| Lab workshop| 40,00,000| Computer Lab| 25,00,000| Furniture| 20,00,000| Library| 15,00,000| TOTAL| 330,00,000| 7. 6: Strategies for Financial Mobilization * Some promoters are businessmen and have their own commercial institutes construction Institute. * Any shortage, the financial mobilization will be through unsecured loan from non-financial institutes. * Interest free loan from promoters. After completion of eligibility and all documents, Central Government and State Government will provide grants for continuing such project. * Donations will be accepted from public. CHAPTER VIII: GOVERNANCE AND ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT: 8. 1: Philosophy of Governance It is said the best governance is that which does not govern. But the underlying Meaning of this is not chaos by but order. This concept of governance bestows Autonomy in decision making with responsibility and Co-ordination. There is a Total freedom for innovative measures and a total Co-ordination from top to Bottom. The decisions are taken at the top but with inputs from the lower rungs So, the governance ensures total participation across the various hierarchies. Head of the Department. Is helped by the faculty members. The Dean is helped by the HODs and faculty members both Director is helped by the Dean, HOD and Faculty members. The Chairman/General Secretary are helped by the Directors And Dean. 8. 2: Methods/Style of Administration/Management The administration is participative. Every faculty member has certain responsibility Delegated to him. 20 students are attached to one faculty member who is designated Group Counselors for that set of students. Group Counselors meet their respective Groups once in a month to know the problems being faced by students Group Counselor Provide the briefs of the meetings to the Director, Director (E) and Dean on matters Related to education, administration and emotional support that the students need. Thus, the problem identification is done at the grass-root level and administrative remedial steps are taken of the appropriate lands. Similarly, grievances of Faculty and Staff are also resolved in a transparent manner. 8. 3: RULES AND REGULATION OF GOVERMEND IN INDIA REGARDING OPENING OF SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. FIRST STEP: Schools and college cannot be set up by private entities. They have to be run by a society formed under the Societies Act of 1860, or a trust under Public Trust Act as existent in different states, or by forming a Company under Section 25 of the Companies Act 1956. In other words, a school and college have to be set up strictly as a non-profit business. At least that is the theory. Setting up a school and college is not just about constructing physical infrastructure in the form of building classrooms and setting up libraries and laboratories. It does involve obtaining permissions and licenses from concerned authorities at various stages. It starts with the setting up of a trust or a society, with a Governing board of five or six members, with a president, chairperson, and a secretary duly identified, as specified under the law. This article will focus primarily on identifying the various steps involved in Opening a school, providing facility for the study for students. SECOND STEP: Once the governing entity, whether a company, trust, or society, comes into existence, it will have to Look for land. There are two possibilities—one, if the society or trust has a land of its own, or, second, When the governing entity decides to buy a land for the proposed school. Buying land from the Government requires permission in the form of a no-objection certificate from the Department of Education of the concerned state. The no-objection certificate, called Essentiality Certificate (EC), Certifies the requirement of a school and college in a particular area. The logic behind the practice is to make Sure No two schools and college compete with each other and one becomes redundant. The EC comes with a Rider that construction must commence within three years, failing which the society will have to reapply for the same. One can apply to the concerned municipal corporation for land for the school and college with the EC. Land is supposed to be allotted to the governing entity at subsidized rates is usually allotted through auction. LAW APPLICABLE Originally, education was a state subject under the Constitution. In 1976, by a constitutional Amendment, education came in the concurrent list, the joint responsibility of the central and state governments. â€Å"It is almost impossible for a new entrant to get land. Land is normally granted to established players with a chain of schools and colleges. Even if a member on the board of a governing entity has land that the entity wants to use for setting up a school and colleges, a no-objection from the Department of Education stating the requirement of a school and colleges in that area is required. The major education boards of the country, namely, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), the Council for the Indian School Certificate examinations (CISCE), UGC and state government boards, have clearly laid down norms for land requirements for schools and colleges. This, in most cases, is 2 acres, except for hilly regions and metropolitan cities, where the requirement is less. Construction can take place only on a part of the land, and a playground has to be created in the rest. While conceiving the idea of a school and college, one has to assess the potentials of a location, kind of competition possible, and the target group—the lower middle class, upper middle class or the rich class—the school and colleges will cater to. From the time of forming a governing entity to a school and colleges actually starting up, one normally requires about a year, though taking more than two years is also not unheard of. Normally the infrastructure required to start up can be constructed within a period of six to seven months. Once the construction is over, school and college authorities need to apply for recognition. Up to Class 5 recognition from municipality is all that is required. For Classes 6 to 8 recognition comes from the Department of Education. Recognition for anything above this also comes from the Education Department, but after a minimum gap of two years. School authorities are free to seek affiliation to CBSE or CISCE or ugc. In that case, the school will have to follow the guidelines of the board it is seeking affiliation to. The school will need to follow the syllabus, books prescribed by the affiliating board, and pay specified salaries to the teachers. If it is not a government school, affiliation for schools normally comes in stages. Initially, for Classes 1 to 6 a temporary affiliation is given and guidelines are laid down for schools by the concerned education board. Once things are in place according to the guidelines, an inspection is conducted. If things are to the satisfaction of the board authorities, permanent affiliation is bestowed on the school. ays inspections are not so rigorous after permanent affiliation is granted, but a school has to be run according to the rules of the board. LICENSES AND DOCUMENTS Setting up a school involves a lot of legal processes from the very beginning. While forming a society, trust, or company, one has to have a Memorandum of Association, a document needed almost at every stage later. Like for any other business, a detailed project report for the school is al so needed. In addition, details of land and building, auditor’s statement, bank statements of the governing entity and their members and auditor’s statements are needed at some point or the other. Once the school and college building is ready for initial use, a certificate of recognition has to come from the state government, issued by the municipality for the junior classes, and by the Department of Education for middle school. If high school is to be added subsequently, certificate of up gradation is required which is again issued by the Education Department. Affiliation from either the CBSE or CISCE or UGC is also done through a set process. Things do not stop here, as schools and college need Certificates for hygiene, water, and completion of the building from the municipality. How to cite Project Report on Education Society, Essay examples