The Sources Of Fossil Fuels - 1428 Words

IV. Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels are the natural fuels such as coal or gas found in the Earth’s crust. It is formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms. A hydrocarbon deposit, such as oil, coal, or natural gas, derived from the accumulated remains of ancient plants and animals. Carbon dioxide and other gases were produced by burning fossil fuels are considered to be one of the principal causes of global warming. A. The origin of coal is a plentiful fossil fuel and has been used historically by the Greeks, Romans, and Chinese. 1) Types of coal – how formed, composition. a) Peat as an energy source is limited and was not considerably ranked. It is the first step in the coal formation and is made of over sixty†¦show more content†¦Lignite is also the lowest ranked because of its low heat content. Usually it was burned as a fuel at some steam electric generating plants that are mined in China, Greece, Germany, Turkey, Canada and the United States. However, while Germany’s electricity comes from lignite power plants, Greece, lignite is approximately 50% of power. Lignite’s carbon content is only 25% - 35%. c) Bituminous coal is formed as more pressure is enforced on to the lignite coal. The more the pressure is enforced, the more water is discharged which increases the amount of pure carbon and increases the heat content of the coal. Bituminous coal is mostly formed when a sub-bituminous coal is of higher levels of metamorphism. It is used in the United States at about 50%, and across Europe. Bituminous has a carbon content between 77% and 87% on a dry ash-free basis and a heating value that is much higher that lignite or sub-bituminous coal (2). Sub-bituminous is the second lowest energy content. d) Anthracite coal is of a metamorphic rock and is considered the highest grade. It is hard and its color is dark black and shiny. It has a very light weight when compared to other forms of coal and there is a very little water present. As a result, anthracite has the highest heat content and less smoke. Its pure carbon content is over 85%. Anthracite is formed when the bituminous coal is opened to extreme pressure. Historically, anthracite was mined in a 480 square

Essay about Short Answer Questions on Foreign Policy

Question #3: Looking at the last 6 months, what issues have defined our foreign policy in the Middle East. This should be an action-based assessment. What interests do these policy points serve and why? The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has been an issue that definitely defined The U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East. Israel is an ally of the U.S. that receives a lot of foreign aid from the states. It’s a priority for the U.S. to protect Israel so it’s obvious where its’ loyalty lies. Israel also has good relations with Egypt; Egypt is crucial to the security of Israel, so that makes them an automatic ally that receives quite a bit of funds as well. It’s an on-going issue that makes pointing out allies clear as well as seeing who the top†¦show more content†¦Some of the policies AKP has enacted while in office lean toward Islamic rule. Some schools began teaching Quran, Erdogan wishes to abolish abortion, and although headscarves are banned it’s hardly ever enforced. All to which the secularists have fought back (Fortin). Question #5: Taking your assigned country (unless you have Turkey, Israel, or Palestine) please explain its importance, or lack thereof, to the United States and its foreign policy in the Middle East. Please discuss the countries relationship with Saudi Arabia. And finally, please discuss any major involvement it has had in the peace process with Israel. If you are assigned to one of these countries, you may select any other country and write about it. After doing quite a bit of research I’ve come to the conclusion that Egypt’s relationship with the U.S. is heavily reliant on Egypt’s relationship with Israel and it’s involvement with the peace process. It’s all linked. Egypt has been a supporter of peace in the Middle East and especially in Israel. Egypt always tried to convince Israel that peace was possible and could very well last (â€Å"Egypt’s Role†). Taking into account it’s long history of support for peace, and it being a crucial ally in the Middle East peace process, Egypt is crucial to the security of Israel. This is where the U.S. comes in. Because Israel isShow MoreRelatedEssay on SA IBL TB8e Ch131461 Words   |  6 Pagescircumstances, the presentation of research by a U.S. scientist at a convention in a foreign nation may require an export license. ANS: T PTS: 1 2. The Department of Commerce possesses the power to restrict imports. ANS: T PTS: 1 3. The current law that controls the export of goods from a U.S. manufacturer to a foreign buyer also controls the re-export of those goods beyond the boundaries of the country of the original foreign buyer. ANS: T PTS: 1 4. Among the reasons for controlling exports are theRead MoreIgnorance is not Bliss Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Why do they hate us?† Its a flexible question, isnt it? 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Project Report on Education Society Free Essays

string(41) " symbiotic relationship with industries\." GURUKUL EDUCATION SOCIETY DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR ESTABLISHING AN EDUCATION SOCIETY SCHOOL COMMERCE INSTITUTE IN INDIA CONTENTS Page No. PREAMBLE CHAPTER I : BRIEF DETAILS OF COLLABORATING PARTNERS. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Report on Education Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Introduction : 1. 2. Background of the Consultants 1. 3. Technical Education Industry Scenario CHAPTER II : THE PROMOTING BODY 2. 1. Introduction to its Genesis including its Registration Status 2. 2. Details of its Promoters including their Background 2. 3. Activities of the Promoting Body including a listing of major educational promotional activities undertaken till now. 2. 4. Mission of the Promoting Body 2. 5. Vision of the Promoting Body CHAPTER III : OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED PROGRAMME 3. 1 Objectives 3. 2 General and Commerce Education Scenario in the State 3. 3 Status at Entry Level 3. 4. Status of Commerce Level manpower 3. 5 Industrial Scenario of the State 3. 6 Scope of the College vis-a-vis the Industrial Scenario and Educational Facilities already available in the State and in this Institute. CHAPTER IV :ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES 4. 1 Basic Academic Philosophy of the Institution 4. 2 Types of Programmes 4. 3. Identified Programmes 4. 4. Phase-wise Introduction of Programmes Intake 4. 5 Target Date for Start of Academic Programmes 4. 6 Central Computing facility 4. 7 Central Library 4. 8 Affiliating Body 4. 11 Scholarships CHAPTER V: SALIENT FEATURES OF ACADEMIC DIVISIONS 5. 1 Classification of Academic Divisions i. e. Departments,Centres, Schools, Central Academic Facilities. 5. 2. (i) Commerce (120 seats) 5. 2. (i) 1 Academic Objectives 5. 2. (i) 2. : Areas of Focus . 2. (i) 3. : Academic Programme 5. 2. 4 : Faculty Requirement Phase-wise Recruitment 5. 2. 5 : Requirement of Laboratories, Space and Equipment (cost) 5. 2. 6 : Requirement of other Space like Class Rooms,Faculty Rooms, Departmental Office. CHAPTER VI : LINKAGES IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION 6. 1. : Introduction 6. 2. : Linkages with Industry 6. 3. : Linkages with the Community 6. 4. : Linkages with Institutions of exc ellence such as the IIMs and ICAI. 6. 5. : Linkages Abroad CHAPTER VII : GOVERNANCE 7. 1. : Philosophy of Governance 7. 2. : State Central Governance CHAPTER VIII : ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT 8. 1. : Organizational Structure Chart for day-to-day Operations Management 8. 2. : Role and Responsibilities of Key Senior Positions 8. 3. : Methods/Style of Administration/Management CHAPTER I : BRIEF DETAILS OF COLLABORATING PARTNERS. A. Gurukul Education Society In the following pages brief details of collaborating parteners 1) ——— and 2) ——- are given B. INTRODUCTION To meet the increasing demand of qualified manpower in the field of emerging areas of commerce and Industry. And to provide the Primary education facilities to common man in village, Gurukul Education society, pune is formed with the approval of All India council for Education, Govt of india. It is affiliated to Pune University and Pune Board. In todays World of 21 century, our country is on the road map of Globalization, hence more and more industries are attracting towards India and specially towards Rural Area. As they are considering there rural area as beneficial investment. Hence Gurukul Education society is planning to open a Primary School and Commerce college in Pune District at Yavat. C. Backround of the Counsultants. Solution Provider pvt. Ltd. are appointed as consultants to regularize assist for project completion. The Solution Provider are serving various clients for last 25 years. They have very good goodwill in market commitment complier. CHAPTER II : THE PROMOTING BODY 2. 1 Introduction to its Genesis including its Registration Status Gurukul Education Society, registered in 1998 in pune has established Gurukul Institute of commerce in Pune. Whose members include well-known Industrialists, Businessmen, Professionals and Educationists. The people associated with the Society are engaged in rendering social services in Pune and Mumbai. The members of the society are committed to provide the investment needed for the education with global competitiveness. No compromise is made in ensuring the high quality of education in the Institute. 2. 2. Details of its Promoters including their Background The promoters consist of Industrialists, Businessmen, Professionals Educationists. The list is given on the following pages. In there are a large number of members in the following categories: (i) Founder Members : 44 ii) Members : 39 (iii) Aajiwan Sahyogi : 156 (iv) Donors : 21 2. 3 Activities of the Promoting Body including a listing of major educational promotional activities undertake till now. The promoters of the society have been involved in various activities related to basic and professional education, health care and have established a number of educational institutions consisting of Engineering College, Polytechnic, IT I and are also managing Five Public Schools at various locations in Maharashtra. 2. 4 Mission of the Promoting Body The missions are mentioned below: 1. To arrange, establish, run and manage Nursery, Primary Higher Secondary and Higher Education in Commerce Institutions. Colleges for all types of higher education; preparation for various competitive examinations and civil services and to provide education to the General Public, poor and needy children, SC, ST Community and other sections of the society and to provide education as per the Policy of the Govt. of India. 2. To arrange, establish run, manage, control, lookafter, and super-vise Commerce Educational Institutions, Colleges, Lecture halls, part time Coaching Education Centre n Charitable basis and other establishments or Institution for advancement of education and knowledge in arts, science, social science, knowledge of public hygine, literature and humanities, etc. 3. To establish environment preservation and pollution control centres to restrain the spread of pollution and to conduct such programmes which aim at preservation of environment, improvement and control of pollu tion. 2. 5 Vision of the Promoting Body †¢ To provide for excellence in Commerce Education and Research. To provide computers as: an aid to study, an object of study, a professional tool, an intellectual tool, an instrument of social change. †¢ To develop strong communication skills in the students †¢ To create awareness for social, historical, ethical, cultural and human values. †¢ To create a culture for self and life long learning. †¢ To create an intellectual spirit and capability for critical judgement. †¢ To establish a symbiotic relationship with industries. You read "Project Report on Education Society" in category "Essay examples" †¢ To develop entrepreneurship programmes and promote student entrepreneurs. †¢ To develop continuing education programmes. To create an awareness for development with equity and environmental values. †¢ To undertake resource generation and provide consultancy services. CHAPTER III : OBJECTIVES AND SCOP E OF THE PROPOSED PROGRAMME 3. 1 Objectives 3. 1-i GURUKUL SCHOOL. * To promote preliminary education * To open Marathi medium English medium school * To promote extra circular activities such as, sports, social activities, art etc. * Enhancement of quality of education to students 3. 1-ii GURUKUL COMMERCE COLLEGE. * Access to modern course material of international level. Enhancement of quality of education to students. * Enhancement in avenues for jobs to the student. * Enhancement in value addition to the existing programme. * Initiation of post graduation education. 3. 2 General and Commerce Education Scenario in the State Pune can be rightly called an Educational city. There is One Central Universities, and a number of Deemed Universities. 3. 3 Status at Entry Level Gurukul School Child completed 3 years of age can start Pre preliminary house followed by Preliminary secondary school life. Gurukul Commerce College 0+2 students in Commerce stream opt for Commerce Courses. The n umber of seats available in Pune per thousand students compared to other states is very low. This imbalance needs to be corrected. CHAPTER IV: ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES 4. 1 Classification of Academic Division The following major divisions/departments exist in the school college. * Pre preliminary * Preliminary (Std. 1st to 4th ) * Secondary ( Std. 5th to 10th ) * Higher Secondary ( Std. 11th 12th ) * Graduation in Commerce ( B. com) * Post Graduation in Commerce (M. com) 4. 2 Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship is the greatest service to the society. The fruit of Commerce is harvested by the entrepreneur and served to the society in different baskets and packages. The prosperity of the society is directly linked to the successful entrepreneurs. 4. 3 Liberalization and Globalization: If a society is compelled to single out one determinant of competitiveness, in the era of globalisation based economy, one has no option but to choose commerce education since in the end people are the ultimate assets in global competition. This Institute imparts education for global competitiveness. . 4 Computerization of Learning Process : As already mentioned, Computer is the central medium for the learning process viz, (i) Visualization of concepts and processes through graphics and multimedia in multidimensional continuum, (ii) Analytical details under changing parameters and environment, (iii) Tutorial software for deeper understanding of the subject, (iv) Self paced learning, which normal ly can not be created without computers. The Institute provides seamless opportunities for innovative learning. CHAPTER V: SALIENT FEATURES OF ACADEMIC DIVISIONS 5. 1. :Academic Objectives Through this course of School college students are well versed in Commerce being made aware of the endless opportunities opened by the application of academic knowledge information technology for a total integration of system spanning and global scenario. There is a great demand for such manpower as the industries are moving for a higher level of globalisation. 5. 2. : Areas of Focus Globalisation finance transferency. 5. 3:Faculty Requirement Phase-wise Recruitment For the collaborative programme with the University all faculty members will must have Ph. D. degrees. For the collaborative programme with the University the following key faculty members have already been identified to be appointed. (i) Professor Yogesh Mathur Accounts (ii) Professor V. P. Srivastava Financial Management (iii) Professor M. M. Bhutani Corporate Law (iv) Professor Suresh Chandra Computer (v) Dr. C. R. Roy Humanities (vi) Dr. Krishan Kumar Costing Others will be appointed in consultation with key faculty members through proper advertisements. 5. 4: Requirement of Laboratories, Space and Equipment For school we require to have laboratories no need to have laboratories for commerce college. Space requirement for such laboratory will be substantial. All equipments required are of high quality will be ordered from reputed suppliers. CHAPTER VI : LINKAGES IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION 6. 1. : Introduction School commerce college education is based on societal needs of today and tomorrow. Society is seamlessly becoming dependent of Information Technology, All aspects of human endeavour is taking new shapes and directions for a higher level of productivity, efficiency for over all development. 6. 2. : Linkages with Industry The Institute promotes the activities in co-operation with the Industries. Students and Faculty members are sent to visit Industries. With M/s. Laxmi Iyer, a more compact relationship has been undertaken as specified by them. 6. 3. : Linkages with the Community : The requirements of the Community have been well studied and crystallized. Accordingly, educational programs have been designed. Pune is becoming metropolitan city. Hence, the needs of the community here are different from the rural community. The education at the Institution provides deep knowledge computer skills. 6. 4. : Linkages with other Institutions in the region : There is initiative to linkage with all the Commerce Institutes in India like ICAI, ICSI. This will help students to per sue professional education while taking formal education with Institute. 6. 5. : Linkages Abroad Efforts are made to have linkage with abroad universities/Institutes, as the infrastructures and faculty are no less than any foreign institutes. Therefore, this collaboration will bridge this gap and help students to be globalise in every aspect be it education or job. CHAPTER VII: FINANCIAL ASPECT 7. 1: Organisational structure and chart for day to day operation and management. President/secretary (chairman) HEAD OFADMINISTRATIVEEXAMINATIONLIBRARIAN DEPARTMENTOFFICERBRANCH/INCHARGE FACULTYSUPERINTENDENT ATTENDANCESTAFFDEPARTMENT OF STAFF HOUSE KEEPING DATA ENTRYATTENDANT TELEPHONE OPERATOR OPERATOR STORE INCHARGE CLERKS ELECTRICIAN CANTEEN 7. 2: SCHOLARSHIPS. Institutes believes, it has responsibility towards society in which functioning and also provides help to students of weaker section of society especially SC/ST/NT. * State government provides scholarship to weaker students whose income is below average. Arrange for education loan to needy students from banks. * Issue free books to meritorious students. * Also help meritorious but poor, physically challenge and orphan students. * Grants provides by university grant commission. 7. 3: PHASEWISE FINANCIAL REQUIRMENT. Financial requirement for building, furniture, library, labs and workshops, teaching and non-teaching staff is on the following lines. The cost analysis is based on the current rates. 7. 4: S alary: – teaching and non-teaching staff is as follows. particulars| Amount(in rupees p. m)| Principal| 75,000| Professor| 50,000| Assistant professor | 35,000| Lecturers | 25,000| Lab assistant| 15,000| Maintenance staff| 13,000| Office assistant| 13,000| Librarian| 10,000| TOTAL| 2,30,000| 7. 5: Land, Building Infrastructure Facility Land| 130,00,000| Building| 100,00,000| Lab workshop| 40,00,000| Computer Lab| 25,00,000| Furniture| 20,00,000| Library| 15,00,000| TOTAL| 330,00,000| 7. 6: Strategies for Financial Mobilization * Some promoters are businessmen and have their own commercial institutes construction Institute. * Any shortage, the financial mobilization will be through unsecured loan from non-financial institutes. * Interest free loan from promoters. After completion of eligibility and all documents, Central Government and State Government will provide grants for continuing such project. * Donations will be accepted from public. CHAPTER VIII: GOVERNANCE AND ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT: 8. 1: Philosophy of Governance It is said the best governance is that which does not govern. But the underlying Meaning of this is not chaos by but order. This concept of governance bestows Autonomy in decision making with responsibility and Co-ordination. There is a Total freedom for innovative measures and a total Co-ordination from top to Bottom. The decisions are taken at the top but with inputs from the lower rungs So, the governance ensures total participation across the various hierarchies. Head of the Department. Is helped by the faculty members. The Dean is helped by the HODs and faculty members both Director is helped by the Dean, HOD and Faculty members. The Chairman/General Secretary are helped by the Directors And Dean. 8. 2: Methods/Style of Administration/Management The administration is participative. Every faculty member has certain responsibility Delegated to him. 20 students are attached to one faculty member who is designated Group Counselors for that set of students. Group Counselors meet their respective Groups once in a month to know the problems being faced by students Group Counselor Provide the briefs of the meetings to the Director, Director (E) and Dean on matters Related to education, administration and emotional support that the students need. Thus, the problem identification is done at the grass-root level and administrative remedial steps are taken of the appropriate lands. Similarly, grievances of Faculty and Staff are also resolved in a transparent manner. 8. 3: RULES AND REGULATION OF GOVERMEND IN INDIA REGARDING OPENING OF SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. FIRST STEP: Schools and college cannot be set up by private entities. They have to be run by a society formed under the Societies Act of 1860, or a trust under Public Trust Act as existent in different states, or by forming a Company under Section 25 of the Companies Act 1956. In other words, a school and college have to be set up strictly as a non-profit business. At least that is the theory. Setting up a school and college is not just about constructing physical infrastructure in the form of building classrooms and setting up libraries and laboratories. It does involve obtaining permissions and licenses from concerned authorities at various stages. It starts with the setting up of a trust or a society, with a Governing board of five or six members, with a president, chairperson, and a secretary duly identified, as specified under the law. This article will focus primarily on identifying the various steps involved in Opening a school, providing facility for the study for students. SECOND STEP: Once the governing entity, whether a company, trust, or society, comes into existence, it will have to Look for land. There are two possibilities—one, if the society or trust has a land of its own, or, second, When the governing entity decides to buy a land for the proposed school. Buying land from the Government requires permission in the form of a no-objection certificate from the Department of Education of the concerned state. The no-objection certificate, called Essentiality Certificate (EC), Certifies the requirement of a school and college in a particular area. The logic behind the practice is to make Sure No two schools and college compete with each other and one becomes redundant. The EC comes with a Rider that construction must commence within three years, failing which the society will have to reapply for the same. One can apply to the concerned municipal corporation for land for the school and college with the EC. Land is supposed to be allotted to the governing entity at subsidized rates is usually allotted through auction. LAW APPLICABLE Originally, education was a state subject under the Constitution. In 1976, by a constitutional Amendment, education came in the concurrent list, the joint responsibility of the central and state governments. â€Å"It is almost impossible for a new entrant to get land. Land is normally granted to established players with a chain of schools and colleges. Even if a member on the board of a governing entity has land that the entity wants to use for setting up a school and colleges, a no-objection from the Department of Education stating the requirement of a school and colleges in that area is required. The major education boards of the country, namely, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), the Council for the Indian School Certificate examinations (CISCE), UGC and state government boards, have clearly laid down norms for land requirements for schools and colleges. This, in most cases, is 2 acres, except for hilly regions and metropolitan cities, where the requirement is less. Construction can take place only on a part of the land, and a playground has to be created in the rest. While conceiving the idea of a school and college, one has to assess the potentials of a location, kind of competition possible, and the target group—the lower middle class, upper middle class or the rich class—the school and colleges will cater to. From the time of forming a governing entity to a school and colleges actually starting up, one normally requires about a year, though taking more than two years is also not unheard of. Normally the infrastructure required to start up can be constructed within a period of six to seven months. Once the construction is over, school and college authorities need to apply for recognition. Up to Class 5 recognition from municipality is all that is required. For Classes 6 to 8 recognition comes from the Department of Education. Recognition for anything above this also comes from the Education Department, but after a minimum gap of two years. School authorities are free to seek affiliation to CBSE or CISCE or ugc. In that case, the school will have to follow the guidelines of the board it is seeking affiliation to. The school will need to follow the syllabus, books prescribed by the affiliating board, and pay specified salaries to the teachers. If it is not a government school, affiliation for schools normally comes in stages. Initially, for Classes 1 to 6 a temporary affiliation is given and guidelines are laid down for schools by the concerned education board. Once things are in place according to the guidelines, an inspection is conducted. If things are to the satisfaction of the board authorities, permanent affiliation is bestowed on the school. ays inspections are not so rigorous after permanent affiliation is granted, but a school has to be run according to the rules of the board. LICENSES AND DOCUMENTS Setting up a school involves a lot of legal processes from the very beginning. While forming a society, trust, or company, one has to have a Memorandum of Association, a document needed almost at every stage later. Like for any other business, a detailed project report for the school is al so needed. In addition, details of land and building, auditor’s statement, bank statements of the governing entity and their members and auditor’s statements are needed at some point or the other. Once the school and college building is ready for initial use, a certificate of recognition has to come from the state government, issued by the municipality for the junior classes, and by the Department of Education for middle school. If high school is to be added subsequently, certificate of up gradation is required which is again issued by the Education Department. Affiliation from either the CBSE or CISCE or UGC is also done through a set process. Things do not stop here, as schools and college need Certificates for hygiene, water, and completion of the building from the municipality. How to cite Project Report on Education Society, Essay examples

Objections Qualitative Research Interviews -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Objections Qualitative Research Interviews? Answer: Introduction Certain projects require involvement of formal power relationship which are generally crucial in nature generally contribute to context within the behavior which is generally played by projects. The most important thing to notice in the establishment of relationship between buyer and seller (Cooke-Davies, 2011). Buyer is generally present at the output of project and seller generally manages delivery at the output. The study mainly focusses on performance of project which is there when there is higher degree of collaboration between buyer and seller and sponsor and project work manager who together work in a partnership (Jackson, 2015). With large number of complex projects, the potential difference generally arises from relationship which are problematic and it has multiple layers of hierarchy which is generally involved in some version of principal agent kind of relationship. This chapter mainly focusses on the senior and responsible managers who at regular interval makes practice of deliberate deception. This chapter focused on the suggestion that human behavior should only lie mainly at the heart of studies related to project management, only if the complexity of projects is easily understandable (Kvale, 2014). Human society is nothing but a network of various kinds of lies and deception which would easily collapse under weight of honesty. Feedback can be considered to be an important tool in the field of management which is considered in every aspect of the business domain regardless of industry and employees. Feedback is a vital tool which is needed for growth and sustain in any industry of business, regardless of industry and employees (Larson and Gray, 2013). Feedback in other words can be defined as the evaluation of correct information about an action or process for controlling of sources. Both positive and negative feedback is considered to be a successful development and continuous growth of business entity or any kind of employee. Positive feedback generally checks or analyzes the right about the evaluation of a subject and can easily be conveyed through verbal expression related to formal type of commendation which can be in the form of increase in salary, bonus or various kinds of opportunities. On the contrary negative feedback generally focus on the points that what is not working in a proper way or what is failing to achieve the desired or output kind of result. There are certain number of difference between negative feedback and criticism. Criticism can be easily defined as adverse kind of judgement and the ultimate goal of negative feedback is to provide help. When feedback is not favorable then it is delivered in a constructive way which is used for improvisation. It is generally the responsibility of leaders of organization or project make use of feedback tool for improvising proficiency and growth associated with it. The ten chapter that is aspect of complexity focus on particular one account which can be used for relatively well defining of complex and certain number of attempts which can be easily used for complex project and attempts after that analyzing the structure. This particular model or method is known as system dynamics (Rose, 2012). This model is a well-known fact which is used for understanding the complexities of various kinds of projects. This model generally originated from research world which has generally two differences. Firstly, there are important for analyzing the increasing importance of various kinds of projects. It has certain number of certain models which have variables that cannot be quantify easily. Various kinds of research often focus on software variables which can easily determine the nature of project model which have become less acceptable in nature. The second management focus on the fact projects which mainly takes certain number of action that focus on late running or overspending of various kinds of action which are generally under control. Mathematical model has made a large amount of contribution which is generally used for understanding the contribution in various kinds of demonstration and quantification of effects which are generally unexpected which will ultimately provide empirical evidence and various kinds of experience (Schwalbe, 2015). System dynamic model sometimes focus on some of the interesting models which can be used for easily fitting into the conventional type of project management. The SD models helps us in analyzing the reason behind the failure in various kinds of projects. It mainly addresses on the various kinds of complexity especially in complex combination and uncertainty of goals and various kinds of ways for achieving those typical goals. References Cooke-Davies, T., 2011, August. Aspects of complexity: Managing projects in a complex world. Project Management Institute. Jackson, J.,2015. Telling the truth.Journal of medical ethics,17(1), pp.5-9. Kvale, S., 2014. Ten standard objections to qualitative research interviews.Journal of phenomenological psychology,25(2), pp.147-173. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project management: The managerial process with MS project. McGraw-Hill. Rose, K.H., 2012. Aspects of Complexity: Managing Projects in a Complex World.Project Management Journal,43(3), pp.77-77. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. bonus or various kinds of opportunities.

Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) sustainable development

Introduction The long-term vision that encourages young people to participate in sports led to the winning of the right to host 2012 Olympic Games. The evaluation framework that established the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) provides the guidance and creates a structure that assesses the range of impacts related to the preparation, delivery and the legacy of the games.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) sustainable development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Adams Parmenter (2005) noted that this framework has been developed through extensive consultations in the last few years. This is by reviewing the then available strategies used and planning for the issues that were not achieved. This framework is to be adopted by all the organizations and the leading bodies in order to prepare for the effective delivery. Organisations will be encouraged to adopt the structures and used the framework for relevant evaluations. This study evaluates the importance of having a sustainable development strategy. It also evaluates the challenges faced by the ODA in ensuring delivery of employment and business objectives to creating new employment and business opportunities locally, regionally and nationally. Literature review Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) ensures the delivery of the Olympic park, other venues and infrastructure in preparation for the 2012 Games. These should be within the prescribed time in order to comply with the agreed upon budget. Airola Steven (2000) shows the authority works in ensuring the achievement of a sustainable development and provision of value for funds used. It also leaves a lasting social, environmental and economic legacy for east London. In planning for public expenditure and policy, the activities and investments related to the 2012 Olympic Games and its legacy have to undergo a critical evaluation process. Evaluations form an import ant component in the public scrutiny, thus used as a tool for developing and designing systems of delivery. The ODA’s mission includes delivering venues, facilities, transport and infrastructure in time. In addition, it ensures maximization of sustainable delivery while accomplishing this within the desired budget. ODA works with other partners such as CLM in managing design, construction and procurement of necessary facilities.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The funding needed come from grants given by the National Lottery, the London Development Agency, Media and Sport and Department for Culture (Barton 2004). According to London Assembly Environment Committee (2010), ODA’s evaluations provide a suitable content to different audiences including the public, the media fraternity, politicians and academic learners. Setting up a sustainable development strategy improves the policy knowledge through the assessment of the policy outcomes and linking them to their respective activities and resources. Balfousia-Savva et al (2003) noted that this strategy considers the effective and efficient policy development. Therefore, it enables organizations and stakeholders to gain a better understanding of designing and delivering policies in the future. The framework ensures an opportunity to develop and evaluate various methodologies used in measuring and monitoring outcomes. It is important for the development of new techniques to enable the evaluators to learn and practice various techniques and practices (Adams and Parmenter, 1995). The 2012 Games have impacts on specific social groups such as BME communities, young people, women and the disabled. Mark (2003, pp. 6-9) explains that some projects will also affect the entire population, for example, there will be increased economic development in the region within which the activities shall be held. Some specific sections of the population will benefit from the activities for instance, the disadvantaged groups will access employment opportunities while the neighbouring communities of East London will benefit from physical activity programs. ODA’s objectives for sustainable development include minimizing carbon emissions arising from the Olympic Park, optimizing opportunities for efficient use, reuse, and recycling of water. The other objectives include the identification of socially responsible materials and the need to protect biodiversity and ecology. Community support is as important as the provision of transport and health services to the participants of the ongoing activities.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) sustainable development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Barton (2004, pp. 18-25) the pre-games impacts include construction phase, increased costs and visitor impact in the run up of the games. The impact caused during the games include those related to the revenues for example from the staging the games, the impact caused by visitors, and the cost incurred in staging the games. The post-games impact includes the effects on the legacy, which involves an improved profile of the city, hence attracting more visitors. The lasting legacy of the games shall remain the development and improvement of the infrastructure, which shall provide value for several years to come. Methodology Information from the above study on Olympic Delivery Authority was collected through the surveying method. Individuals from east London were asked to give their views on the benefits that would come with the hosting of the Olympic Games to London and how it would influence the economy locally, regionally and nationally. Various people gave their views on the availability of new business opportunities as well as the creation of new employment opportu nities. Surveys are useful in describing the characteristics of a large population, hence remains the best method that provides the general measure of the facets under review. Findings, Analysis and discussion PESTEL Analysis Political forces ODA is committed to achieve five major objectives of the 2012 games, including the establishment of UK as one of the leading sports destinations in the world, changing the heart of East London, inspiring young people to be involved in volunteering their participation in cultural and physical activities in order to better their lives. It will also include making the Olympic park as a blueprint showing sustainable living. Finally, it shall demonstrate the creativity of UK through design of infrastructure necessary for facilitating the activities of the Olympic activities. Pezzey Toman (2002) have noted that political influence has caused the relocation of the people to create space for the development of requisite structures. This has resulted i n the emergence of social unrest. The unstable political influence has also contributed to fear of terror attack.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The analysis estimate the about 200 million has been spend on ensuring the safety of the populations who shall be present during the Olympic activities. Social organizations have claimed that the Olympics cause economic recession, for example, what was experienced in the 2000 Olympic in Sydney. The human rights group in London has raised concerns about the displacement of people from the villages in which they have lived for over a century. Therefore, the human rights agencies advocate for the establishment of mechanism aimed at safeguarding the rights of the participants as well s the observers of the games while challenging governments to take legal liability for damages and losses arising due to insecurity. Smith Rees (2008) illustrates that other political forces influencing the 2012 Olympics shall include the international attacks. For instance, those streaming in from Iran and threatening to boycott over the controversies of the logo are likely to cause chaos during this mome nt. The analysis of tourism industry projects improvements in the sector with a rise from 50% to 70%in growth due to influence of the games. Economic forces The economic impact of the Olympic Games is much contributed by the effects caused by visitors through their expenditures in the host country. A country also benefits from developments for example in infrastructure investments in areas that had been deprived. The country also benefits from the long- term legacy and increased exposure to the international media. This brings about more tourists in the future before and after the games. Once these economic effects are combined, they form a complex effect that cannot be determined only by the financial performance of the organizers or the additional revenues that the country gets for hosting the Games. To conduct the economic impact of the Olympic Games, there are some factors that have to be considered for example the effect the Games will cause on spending for example by organizat ions and individuals as well. These may include the amount spent on infrastructure in the pre-games period and the spending in the period of the games. Individuals mostly spend on transport, accommodation, food and entertainment. These people include spectators, athletes, officials and media representatives from all over the world. Although some of these groups of people are provided with most of these expenses there is a difference between residents spending and nonresident spending. The other factor to consider is that expenditure should be categorized according to products spent on for example in goods and services. A model must also be used to show how this spending is translated to a country’s income and increased employment opportunity. The input-output model has been used for the past years in translating the effects of spending. Peter et al. (2008, pp. 7-9) these have been able to show the effects caused. According to the Price Waterhouse Coopers, the GDP is estimated to contribute about 3.7 billion Euros. The GDP will be measured using the expenditure approach which shows the total demand expenditure minus the imports. Barton (18-25) shows more than 50,000 jobs have been created over the last 3 years of preparation for the Games and especially to the young people in the minority community. The plan for the 2012 Olympic Games is estimated to cover 30 years after the Games. The other economic impact of the 2012 Games is improved housing for example 40,000 houses are to be built in order to cater for the tourists visiting the country during and after the Games. This has a major impact upon the human resourcing strategy in that supply chain management is to be improved and about 75000 businesses have been contacted to supply goods and services to the UK during and after the Olympics. The other impact is that 42 percent of migrant workers are working in the country for that period in various sectors such as in health and hospitality industry. Transp ortation will improve since massive roads have been constructed including railway and more airstrips have been developed. Social forces The atmosphere of Bedford will be festive within the local community therefore providing a good climate for all. Individuals will also be encouraged to take up preventive measures for them to stay healthy during the period and to improve their well being. People involved in the British sport are hopeful of 2012 legacy, for example in the increased commitment to sport in the UK. For example, special programs for the disabled; Autism Awareness Campaign in UK is confident that more people will be encouraged to take up sports regardless of their status. Barton (2004) describes that the Olympic Village Polyclinic will also be transformed into a learning center for the community around East London. There will also be improved infrastructure for example nursery, primary, secondary and creative industries will emerge therefore improving the living standards of most individuals therefore impacting on the ODA’s human resourcing strategy. Cultural effects were not a significant part that influences the Olympic Games but still it should not be ignored. The government has recommended doing more in publicizing and coordinating culture. This will be achieved by drawing ideas together and sharing best practices to increase awareness of practical cultural activities. Young people will be given an opportunity to experience and participate in various cultural activities. Some of the elements that will be used in the youth culture will be to stag along waterways, bridges and streets. Exhibitions of world art and artifacts will be set up in London museums to display the culture of the communities living there. Technological forces Technology has been improved for example in the development of the modernized stadium and the water part. The world media have also improved technology in the country since it will be using live broadcasting techn ology. Transport technology has also been utilized in building massive roads and railways. The security technology is also present for example the use of CCTV and the scanning devices installed in every entry of the stadium. Improved technology will also be provided for example in giving tickets, scanning ID cards and biometric scanning. Environmental forces The environmental impact caused by the 2012 Olympic Games includes concern over protecting and restoring a favorable place for everyone. This involves recognizing the link between social and economic goals. The environmental sustainability programs have been set up to eliminate pollution around the Bedford community. The ecosystem has been preserved, for example, through the provision of livable climate and water cycling to avoid suffocation. The soil formation has also been improved as well as the natural landscapes that attract tourists. A mega event such as the 2012 Olympic Games ordinarily will produce carbon emissions for e xample from the presence of many vehicles and from the processing industries. Large carbon emissions should therefore be provided to reduce these emissions. Renewable energy should therefore be provided to reduce carbon emissions from the Olympic park. Legal forces The mega event has also to consider some legal factors for example, the brand licensing should be maintained, which is Bedford 2012. Legal procedures should also be followed while selling sponsorships, for example, to the stakeholders like world TV, online services and print media. The intellectual property rights are to be maintained by the use of Bedford 2012 logo and ODA’s strategies ensures this is achieved. Organisations that will want to temporarily open showrooms and showcasing items in the park should have a selling right. SWOT Analysis Strengths ODA’s strengths include having a sustainable development strategy that ensures delivery, value for money and the provision of a lasting economic, social and environmental legacy. The major strength includes the presence of strong human resource management that ensures effective and trained employees work on the infrastructure development. Wallace (2005) explains that this ensures that the value for money is attained as well as the time and budget set is maintained. This has a major impact on the human resourcing strategy as they have to include individuals who are ready to achieve maximum goals set up by the authority. Weaknesses The factors that could affect the success of the Olympics include doping controversies for example use of performance enhancing drugs by athletes. The organizers should ensure that all the athletes have been tested to avoid positive athletes for example is it was in the Athens 2004 where many participants had been tested positive. Terror attacks in the country could also affect the success of the event as it was in Munich 1972. It is therefore important for the people responsible for security to ensure that th is is effectively maintained. Critics received from many Londoners could also affect the success of the planned costs of Olympics for example citizen have been forced to pay an increase of 20 Euro per year in terms of council tax. Barton (2004) describes that there are also concerns that unions will strike near of during the Games advocating for bonuses. Opportunities Business opportunities are created for example in the construction phase and this will be provided to the communities surrounding the Olympic Park. This impacts ODA’s human resourcing strategy through the implementation of plans in respect of skills and business opportunities, workforce and supply chain management. Stivers (1999) shows more opportunities will also be created from other parks such as Olympic Village Development and Stratford City. This will cause an impact on local businesses as well as regional. Employees should therefore be well managed to build venues that offer fair opportunities for all, and that they build according to the planned time and budget. The human resource management should also ensure fair and transparent deliveries in terms of procurement of goods and services. Threats The construction deadlines might not be met. The success of the proceedings has not been welcomed for example by individuals outside London who feel that the event will divert international funding therefore posing difficult in funding from the rest of the UK citizens. Blake (2005) states that the local businesses that have been working in some areas for over 100 years have been displaced are concerned about where to find new sites for their business. The event has received less government support unlike the Manchester one and there are concerns that transport cost might be high which will out price tourists leaving many businesses and events unattended to resulting to losses. Recommendations The above study evaluates the economic importance of the sustainable development and its impact to t he host country, its value and the benefits achieved in hosting these games. These evaluations need to be known as they are used in the early stages of the Olympic bidding process. The organizers should also be aware of the scale of the economic benefits brought about by hosting the Olympic Games. Adams (2006) argues that these aspects allow developed promotions in the local context and it also brings about significant benefits to the local economy. The organizing committee is also provided with necessary information on the scale of benefits to have a critical understanding of the cost of bidding. The higher costs of these Games and higher expectations of quality venues justify these costs and have therefore been used to increase a country’s revenue and the economic impact. Displacements have remained common in a host of countries and problems of pricing, overcrowding and safety. Barbier (2007) puts it that the impact of the displacements however, yields economic and tourism legacy benefits, which outweighs the short-term losses of the displaced which are estimated to be 375 and 258 million for London and UK respectively. Tourism gains are estimated to be about 2.4 billion Euros for UK and about 1.9 billion for London (House of Commons 2007). Conclusion The planning and preparations made by ODA have generated significant activities and necessary information. To achieve legacy impacts, economics and infrastructure impacts, the organizing committee should be capable of demonstrating an understanding the long- term impacts on peoples, community, the economy and the environment. Currently, there are many organizations undertaking significant work of leading up to the success of the 2012 Games. The set goals and objectives have already generated a large amount of data necessary for the assessment of the overall impacts caused to various organizations. Sensitivity analysis has shown that the overall impact of the Olympic is likely to give positive change in v arious aspects such as in increased GDP though there are larger risks estimated to occur during and after the Games because of high levels of uncertainty about the legacy effect. ODA’s sustainable development objectives provide a means for managing and developing both the existing and the new information in a more structured and comprehensive manner. References Adams, P., Parmenter, B., 2005. ‘An Applied General Equilibrium Analysis of the Economic Effects of Tourism in a Quite Small.’ Applied Economics, vol. 27, pp. 985-994. Adams, W., 2006. ‘The future of sustainability: Re-thinking environment and development in the Twenty-first Century.’ Report of the IUCN Renowned Thinkers Meeting, pp. 29-31. Airola, J Steven, C., 2000. The projected economic impact on Houston hosting the 2012 summer Olympic Games. Houston: Department of Economics, University of Houston. Balfousia-Savva, S., Athanassiou, L., Milonas, A., 2003. The economic effect of the Athen s Olympic Games. Athens: Kasimati. Barbier, E 2007, Natural Resources and Economic Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Barton, L., 2004. ‘The economic impact of the Olympic Games’. Coopers European Economic Outlook, pp. 18-25. Blake, A., 2005. The economic impact of the London 2012 Olympics. Nottingham: Christel DeHaan, Tourism and Travel Research Institute, Nottingham University Business School. House of Commons. Culture, Media and Sport Committee. 2007. ‘London 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympics Games: Funding and Legacy.’ Second Report of Session 2006–07 vol. 1. Web. London Assembly Environment Committee 2010, The Environmental Sustainability of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics Games. Web. Mark, J 2003, ‘Sustainability – Architecture: Between Fuzzy Systems and Wicked Problems.’ Blueprints, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 6–9. Peter, R. K., John, B., 2008. ‘Sustainability: Science, practice, policy.â₠¬â„¢ An Introduction to Sustainable Development, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 7-9. Pezzey, J Toman, M., 2002. ‘The economics of sustainability.’ A Review of Journal Articles, pp. 1-36. Smith, C Rees, G 2008, Economic Development, 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Stivers, R 1999, The sustainable society: Ethics and economic growth. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. Wallace, B 2005, Becoming part of the solution: The engineer’s guide to sustainable development. Washington, DC: American Council of Engineering Companies. This report on Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) sustainable development was written and submitted by user Abigail Dixon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

7 Tips on How to Study Vocabulary

7 Tips on How to Study Vocabulary If youre taking college courses in the United States, youre most likely fluent in English or a native speaker. In either case, youre probably quite comfortable with your skill level and focusing 100 percent of your brain power on your coursework. However, studying new vocabulary is an important lifelong endeavor. Expanding your vocabulary will help you comprehend your reading materials more quickly and easily. A more varied lexicon will also improve those papers youre writing. Of course, if you plan to take a graduate school entrance exam, such as the GRE, youll definitely want to build and maintain your internal word list. Follow these seven tips for quick, fun ways to boost your vocab. Use Words Thesaurus Tool When youre typing a paper or even just notes, youre bound to pause from time to time to consider what the best word to use is. Whenever you stop for even a split second, try to get in this habit: type whatever basic word pops into your mind first. Then double-click it and check the thesaurus. Youll get a list of alternative words and will most likely learn some new ones. Note that you shouldnt necessarily choose the longer or more complicated word every time. But knowing you have options adds more variety and interest to your writing. Many times, the more advanced words are more accurate, and sometimes, theyre even shorter. Why say sheeplike when you can say ovine? Solve Crossword Puzzles During your free time, pull out a crossword puzzle book, find one in a newspaper or magazine, or search for a puzzle online. Crossword puzzles have long been an essential (and fun!) tool for every word-lover and vocabulary-builder. Note that if youre new to crosswords, you might want to skip those found in the Sunday paper, as theyre usually extremely challenging- even for seasoned experts. Play Word Games Crossword games are quite different from crossword puzzles. Instead of using clues to figure out predetermined words, you build your own words from a set of letters. Play Scrabble, Words With Friends, or a similar game against the computer or a brainiac friend. Make a note of the words your opponent generates, and dont be afraid to be inquisitive. Then use a dictionary to come up with great moves of your own. Of course, you can play the board version of Scrabble as well. Another fun board game is Balderdash, in which players make up fake definitions of advanced vocabulary words. Everybody then tries to guess the real definition. Youll certainly learn some new terms along the way. Find Word-A-Day Offerings Word-a-day calendars are popular gifts; put one on your Christmas wish list. Even if you dont learn all 365 words, the calendar is just one more vocabulary-building tool at your disposal. Alternatively, find an online word-a-day subscription service that sends new words to your inbox. Or simply bookmark and check a site such as Merriam-Websters Word of the Day (which also offers a subscription option). Read Attentively Sure, youre reading tons of material for your classes. But you may be reading passively. In other words (no pun intended), like many people, when you encounter a new word, you may very likely be skipping over it and mentally filling in the blank- even subconsciously. Instead, make a concerted effort to stop and look those new words up in a digital or old-school dictionary. Take Online Vocabulary Quizzes Search for free vocabulary quizzes or a similar term. Vocabulary.com is a great site for students to use regularly, as is knoword. But you can also try other sites or find random quizzes to take. Get an App You can find vocabulary-building apps for iOS or Android devices. Anytime youre on the bus, standing in line, or getting your mani/pedi, whip out that phone and learn a few words. Building your vocabulary doesnt have to feel like one more course added to your load. Following these tips is actually a lot of fun and will make you feel smarter. The confidence you gain will carry over into your class studies and will surely show in your grades.

Hospitality Management Major Marketing Class - Interview Project Essay - 1

Hospitality Management Major Marketing Class - Interview Project Additional Info - Essay Example These principles have enabled the company edge competition and increase market penetration (Slack, 2007). It defines its services as good music, good food, and good services. Essentially, hotel Pennsylvania is a classic pub that embraces the American culture and provides the revelers with quality music, performances, and quality food. The customers of the cafà © are attracted to the courteous services, fun, and lively ambience. The Hotel Pennsylvania values the business ethics and practices, which has enhances the companys mission in leveraging the market (Slack, 2007). They have the advantage of sound financial records and out matches its competitors, has the experience and delivers a strong coffee brand reputation. Arguably, the company is widely known to have the largest coffeehouse chain globally (White, 2006). They employ the best brains in the industry and offers employees with extensive benefits and high salaries. Employee motivation translates to high quality of goods and services. The hotel has been in the business for a long time and understood that strategic supplier partnerships are critical in enhancing the success. This has enabled them to bring forth efficiency in logistics and supply chain management (Steinhoff, 2003). Inherently, strategic supply partnerships stand on a better position in helping companies heighten their level of logistics and supply chain management. The importance of such strategy is improving cost efficiency and reliability. The revolutions in the technology world and Internet accessibility made the urban population develop a new social class of persons with the urge to get rich and enjoy a good life. The people embraced the culture of success, good life and productivity (Steinhoff 2003). Notably, New York has a huge traffic, which provides them with an opportunity to expand their business. They have competent employees in terms of chiefs, who make special diet menu that

The Contract between Darcy and Wickers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Contract between Darcy and Wickers - Essay Example Darcy has a cause of action against Wickers in this case. As borne out by the facts, the two entered into a contract by which Wickers are to withhold any information he may have known about the life of Kitty while under his custody in consideration of the 50,000 pounds which Darcy will give to him. The object of the contract therefore is for the peace of mind of Darcy not to be molested by the adverse public image on him, Kitty may bring in the event the life of the latter is exposed to the public. This contract does not in any way violate the law, public policy or public moral. Rather, the contract forged by Darcy and Wickers is the law between them. When Wickers reneged in his obligation not to do a certain act, i.e., to withhold from the public his knowledge of the life of Kitty, he has already incurred liability therefore. Coming now to the possibility of Darcy’s claim relating to damages for mental distress, it is unequivocal that Darcy suffered mental distress by reason of the act of Wicker in disclosing to the media his knowledge of the life of Kitty under his custody. In the ordinary course of things, a politician with a fiancà ©e whose family affair is better off insulated from the public would be greatly affected, with respect to his political career, in the event such family issue is exposed to the public. This is especially true when such disclosure is malicious and unwarranted, coupled with the fact that there is an agreement to the contrary. Although the above cited case does not fall squarely on the present case, the principle enunciated is equally applicable. Wickers, in disclosing to the media an otherwise private information has committed what was termed in Campbell as misuse of private information. The cause of action of Darcy is bolstered by the contract Wickers have entered with him. True, one may argue that the person who should have suffered damages is Kitty and that the damage supposedly suffered by Darcy is remote. But that prop osition is only relevant when there is no pre-existing contract on the non-disclosure of such information. At the risk of being repetitious, the cause of action of Darcy is anchored on breach of contract by Wickers and as a result, the former incurred damages although, no pecuniary damages are involved.

Electric cars and bikes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Electric cars and bikes - Assignment Example Nevertheless, little success has been achieved because each state has some hidden interests on this issue. As a result, the world continues to suffer from increased temperature levels, desertification, and rising sea levels. Different countries such as China have been the most hit. In such areas, the governments have tried to come up with various measures that are aimed at regulating the levels of pollution and greenhouse gases being released in the atmosphere. For instance, Paris has set up policies that ensure that only cars with specific number plates are allowed in the city. Therefore, in order to reduce the level of pollution, the production of electric cars and bikes should be encouraged (Offer 2011). Fossil fuels from cars have been said to produce the highest amount of greenhouse gases to the environment. Electric cars and bikes use clean energy and do not contribute in polluting the environment. Therefore, as a way of protecting the public from adverse effects of pollution, the public should be enlightened on the benefits of using electric cars and bikes. Currently, the number of the middle class in the world is on the rise. This generation prefers the use of personal vehicles, an aspect that has increased the level of pollution in the atmosphere. In order to arrest this situation, automotive industry should be encouraged to produce more electric cars and bikes for the market (Schroede & Traber 2012). Electric cars and bikes are easy to maintain and dispose. With the increasing emphasis on renewable energy, the production of electric cars and bikes would be important in ensuring that a clean environment is achieved. In addition, the batteries used by electric cars and bikes are disposable and can be recycled (Michalek, 2011). This is important in ensuring that a clean environment is maintained. Currently, the economic conditions have been stiffened by high inflation. The

Individual Team And Organisational Objectives Management Essay

Individual Team And Organisational Objectives Management Essay Performance objectives can be defined as a goal that describes something that has to be accomplished within a given period of time. In other words, performance objectives express the direction and level of achievement expected from the organisation as a whole and, at lower levels, from the individual parts, team part, sections and departments which make up the organisation. http://www.exponentialtraining.com. The writer will be using his care company called Extra Mile Care Company as an illustration on how a performance objective applies to his organisation. The nature of the job description of the organisation is domiciliary care which means we help people who want to remain at the comfort of their beloved homes but are unable manage on their own, to achieve their daily task such as personal care. 1.1 Explain The Links Between Individual, Team And Organisational Objectives. As Carlos (1999) stated, the link between individual, team and organisational objectives is an agreed contract to achieve a common goal within a specific period of time. And as a matter of fact, the link between individual, team and organisation objectives simply describes the overall objectives which the team and the organisation aimed to achieve on either a short term period or long term period. At Extra mile, individual, team and organisation objective is to provide best care service to those who need their service in the community and to be the best care company in the country by 2013 and by achieving this, the other objectives such as giving their best care training quality also have to be met. And for this reason, the organisation strategic creates an effective link between individual, team and the organisation objectives so that the effort of both individual and team and the organisation can aligned with the organisation overall business plan. Extra mile organisation objectives S Specific Objective is specific because the company specialised in caring. M Measurable because the company have a group of people that needs the service. A Achievable Team objectives are achieved with a precise period of time R Realistic Our clients relied on Extra mile carers in looking after them or relatives. T- Time specific The Company have a time limit of when the objective should be achieved. 1.2 Identify The Selection Of, And Agree, Individual And Team Objectives According to Ryan (2007), in other to accomplish explicit and valuable results, there must be a need for a proper selection of individual and team for objectives in any organisation. Selection of and agree individual and team objectives is a process of selecting a right individual or team to carry out a particular job effectively, so as to achieve the organisation objective. A right individual and team must be accessed through their level of competency, right skills and knowledge, backgrounds, medical reports and so on. At extra mile, selection of, and agree, individual and team objectives is a very crucial task which is normally carried out by HR Manager(s). This is a process of getting a right individual for a right objectives, as well as right team for the right objectives upon agreement. Every staff (both individual and team) of extra mile are equally access, so as to know if they can achieve the organisation objectives. Because of the nature of the organisation objectives, Extra mile identifies the selection of both individual and team through their: Qualifications Experience Age Right skills and knowledge Personal interest for the job Medical history Criminal Records bureau check (CRB) It is the responsibility of managers to make sure that they select right individual or team for the organisation objectives, because failure of right selection of an individual or a team will have a terrible influence on the companys objectives. 1.3 Identify And Agree Areas Of Individual And Team Responsibility In Achieving Objectives Dewaker (2008), suggested that individual and team are required to first of all understand the basic objectives of the organisation for which they are working and the manager is required to define the better details of the job or task to his staff so that he may be able to relate his contribution towards achieving the overall objective of the organisation. Identifying areas of individual and team responsibilities in achieving objectives is mostly carried out by the team leader or the manager; this is a process of knowing the responsibilities of individual and team in achieving objectives. At Extra mile Care Company, the basic responsibilities of their staffs both individual and a team in achieving objectives are outlined by the manager or in the staff contract letter. Responsibilities of carers at extra mile care company for their clients are: Personal care, which includes washing, bathing, showering, assistance with dressing/ undressing, toileting, etc. Assistance with medication. Shopping. Preparing and cooking meals and snacks. Laundry. Health hygiene cleaning. Community access. Emotional support. This will become the individual or team responsibilities, only if they agree to carry out the responsibility. 1.4 Identify the need to create an environment of trust and support with others Fisher (2006) suggested that managers who build trust within their team are more likely to create an environment of openness where people feel good about themselves and others. Trusted colleagues helps people to accomplish their work, and people work better if they are treated with respect, support trust and honesty by those they work for. At extra mile, the manager realised the importance of creating an environment of trust and support with others because it helps in many ways such as: Cooperation between individual and team Increase in loyalty and commitment from those they manage Increase in number of good working relationships Decrease the number of difficulty relationship by converting them to neutral. Ashok (2010) also stated that low trust environment people suffer as they cannot work to the full potential due to lack of support from others which puts hurdles on growth, coexistence and co-operation. 2.1 Evaluate and assess individual and team performance against objectives According to Cristina et al (2003); it is a basic fundamental of any organisation is to design how to evaluate and access performance of both team and individual member, and the assessment should be focus on the team and individual outcome. At extra mile, evaluation is undertaken to: Set performance objectives Assess past performance Help improve current performance Assesses training and development needs Established channel of communication Facilitate review of employees Develop human relation skills of the assessors. Extra mile evaluate and assess their staff and team performance against objectives by the outcome of their performance and the organisation mainly does this evaluation so as to know whether or not the individual is meeting up the companys objectives. And in process the term of quantity, time and cost of employee is also measured. Also its a systematically evaluation of individual and team employees job-related strengths and weaknesses to a set of pre-defined organisational standards. Generally Organisation assesses team outcomes like quality, quantity, creativity cost, and timeliness of the team deliverable. 2.2 Identify methods of providing feedback to individuals and teams on performance Williams and Curtis (2005) stated that, regular feedback based on objectives assessments of performance need to be given. Feedback is a discussion between people which reveals back how another person sees someone elses behaviour or performance. At Extra mile, given feedback is part of an assessments and about behaviour or an activity which highlight something well done or offering suggestion about how to do something better, and it is an important role that has to be carried out by the manager(s) and the reason for carrying out feedback is to ensure that staffs are satisfied with their objectives and to see how the individual or team performs in their objectives, also to check if there is anything that has to be improved in the organisation Methods of providing feedback at extra mile are in following ways: Self-assessment Verbal feedback to individuals Verbal feedback to team One-on-one feedback Feedback on behaviour Feedback on information Feedback on performance Feedback is a critical for extra mile Care Company because of the nature of the job, so as to learn how to improve their performance and suggestion on what to do in improving the staff performance in achieving their objectives should be discuss during the feedback. 2.3 Identify the causes of conflict, and describe strategies to minimise or prevent conflict According to Harris et al (2001), when conflicts arises, managers and supervisors who are in a position to influence and affect the attitudes and actions of those in disagreement may find it helpful to identify the causes and feelings of the parties involved. At extra mile conflict sometimes arise between colleagues, competitors and even clients. And once this occur, the manage will first of all identify the cause of that conflict and then find solution the that conflict if in any case is beyond what he can do then he will seek the advice of those are superior to him/her. The identified causes of conflict that has occurred in the organisation are: Lack of trust Different personal values Lack of participation Lack of resources Not achieving objectives Strategies to minimise or prevent conflicts Effective communication Participation in decision-making Team building Provision of flexibility Strategies to minimise conflict should be design in other to prevent, minimise and resolve conflict in the institution that will result in effectiveness and efficiency at individual and institutional level. Gupta (2007) 2.4 Explain recording systems for performance assessment for individuals or teams According to() Recording system for performance assessment is a prominent personality in field of human resources, it is a document in an organisation that serves as evidence of an activity of transaction formed by the organisation. Recording system at extra mile is a systematic, periodic and impartial record of an individual or teams activities in the matters pertaining to their present job. Processes of recording system at extra mile are: A content analysis- describe content in the organisation that needs recording A file plan- indicate where record are to be kept and how long to keep the records A compliance requirements document- rules that organisation must follow Process for holding records- needed when event such as litigations occurs Unmanaged recording system makes the performance of duties more difficult, costs organisations time, money and resources. 3.1 Explain a performance improvement cycle Performance improvement cycle is a process that design, measure, assess and improve performance of organisation strategies. And the ultimate goal is to allow the organisation to meet its goals. Joint commission recourses (2001). Performance improvement circle is an integral part of Extra Mile Care Company, and the company has determined to continuously improve their performance and demonstrate the quality of their service. These are process of improvement circle at extra mile namely: Design this is a stage that requires identifying the main aim of the organisation and for the process and design that allows it to achieve its objectives Measure- this is a stage provides a process on how well the organisation has achieved their aims. Assess this is a process where the company set their priority on what has to be achieved, and the assessment opportunity enables the organisation to rank priorities Improve- improvement actions are based on the results of measurement and assessment, at this stage the company would have known the areas thats they need to improve and implement specific innovations, which involves redesigning the process. Effective management of individual performance rests on managing the performance cycle. 3.2 Discuss the indicators of poor performance According to DuBrin (2008), poor performance is an ineffective job performance that does not meet the required standards for achieving the organisation objectives. Ineffective performers lower the growth of organisational objectives directly by not accomplishing their fair share of work, by so doing it lowers the organisation productivity and for this reason it is very important to deal with issues of poor performance in the organisation. At extra mile Care Company, consequences of poor performance are enormous and the HR manager ensures that they effectively manage the staffs to the required standard of the organisation. Indicators of poor performance are: Employee- Insufficient mental ability and education, Insufficient job knowledge, Low motivation, Excessive absenteeism and tiredness, Alcoholism and drug addiction Lateness Manager- Inadequate communication about job responsibility, Inadequate feedback, Negative and untrusting attitude, Bullying. Organisation- Organisation culture that tolerates poor performance, Intentional threat to job security, Reduce productivity Changes in policies without staff consultation Effective methods to deter underperformance For any organisation to handle poor performance successfully, certain factors have to be considered such as: The manager(s) has to be confident and competent to tackle underperformance There must be a clear communication between managers and staff Mutual trust Effective performance management systems Organisational culture that encourages employee involvement Joint objective setting Good staff development practices Poor performance is legally defined as when an employees behaviour or performance might fall below the required standard 3.3 Evaluate methods that support performance improvement Performance improvement is a way of analysing performance problem and finding a means to ensure good performance. The methods of improving performance of staffs at extra mile is by improving their performance in achieving objectives in areas that the individual or team are not meeting up with their goals, and also appraising and rewarding individuals for job well done. Methods that support extra mile care companys staffs are as follow: Training- we give our staffs the best training so as to perform to the best of their ability when carrying out their jobs Motivating- we motivate our staffs so that they can feel the sense of belonging to the organisation, and also encourage them and acknowledge the work they have done. Rewards- it is our culture to reward any staff that carry out his or her duties effectively every month, and we do this so as to encourage others to perform better. Job security- we try as much as possible to keep our staffs who are willing to stay in their job and we also provide them with benefit such as sick pay, holiday pay and so on. Salary- we increase salary of our staff that are with the company for a number of year and we make sure sire that our staffs receive the best salary among other competitors. These are methods in which we support the performance of our staffs. However we make sure the cost of the training is justified by the improvements in productivity and performance its likely to bring. 4.1 Discuss the organisations disciplinary and grievance procedures Disciplinary and grievance procedures are basis which provides clear and transparent ways for dealing with difficulties which may arise as part of working relationship from either employers or employees perspectives. (http://www.cipd.co.uk) At extra mile care company, organisations disciplinary and grievance procedure is a set of standards of performance and conduct reinforced by company rules. The reason for Disciplinary and grievance procedures is to ensure that every staff of EMCC is treated the same way in the similar circumstance, and also to make sure that issues are dealt with fairly and reasonably. Reasons why disciplinary procedures are needed at emcc are as follows: Employer know what action to take when there is a problem with employee To enable staffs to make appropriate decision Solving matters without ending up in tribunals if minor. To enable employer and employee agree to suitable goals Set as a set of rule that governs the behavior of both emcc and its staffs Reasons why grievance procedures are needed at extra mile are: To provide the staffs the cause of action if they have complaint Solving matters without ending up in tribunals Creates a point of contact to resolve issues Gives employee what action to take if a dispute cannot be solved informally. Disciplinary and grievances are rules and procedures help to promote orderly employment relations as well as fairness and consistency in the treatment of individuals and also provide guideline for adherence to the rules. All this a backed up In a legal document in the UK. 4.2 Identify the role of the manager in both a disciplinary and a grievance procedure The role of managers in both disciplinary and grievance procedure is to implement the disciplinary action when necessary also to make sure that the issue that arise is resolve with involvement of external body such as ACAS. There are several stages where the manager enforces their power in disciplinary and grievance procedures Role of manager in disciplinary procedure at Extra mile care company Managers gives verbal warning if the offence is minor Managers gives written warning for a subsequence minor offense or more serious offence Managers gives final warning for repeated offences or a very serious offence It also the role of manager to dismiss an employee if an employee commits gross misconduct. Role of manager in grievance procedure at extra mile care company Manager investigate the complaint within the department If matter still not resolve, it will be investigated by a more senior manager (if any) Finally if the compliant is beyond the organisation grievances procedure, it may be pursued outside the organisation such as ACAS. 4.3 Summaries the key aspects of legislation that applies to an organizations disciplinary and grievance procedures Legislation that applies to organisation under April 2009 Code of Practice 1, is design to help employers and employee deal with disciplinary and grievances situation in the workplace. Legislation that applies to disciplinary procedures are: Establish the facts of each case Inform the employee of the problem Hold a meeting the employee to discuss the problem Provide employee with an opportunity to appeal Leg that applies to grievances procedures are: Employee must know the nature of grievances Hold a meeting with employee to discuss grivances Allow employee to be accompanied at the meeting Decide on appropriate action Allow the employee to take grievances further if not resolved In conclusion, the purpose of Arun, K., Rachana, S., Principles of business management: Vishal Enclave, New Delhi 27. Atlantic Publishers and Distribution, 2000 Armstrong M, Stephens T, (2005); Management And Leadership. Kogan page limited, London UK, and Sterling VA, USA. Cristina B, Susan G, (2003); Virtual teams that work. Jossey-Bass, san Francisco ca usa http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/discipline-grievances-at-work.aspx Lockett j (1992) Effective performance management, kogan page plc, London Ryan W (2007), performance by design, HRD pre Inc, Amherst us and Canada Dewaker G?(2008), performance Appraiser and compensation management, PHI Learning private limited new Delhi Eddie F(2006) Development of new competency and behavior model for skill in working with people for project managers, Druck and Bindungi, Germany Ashok G (2010) creating values in life, Author House, USA. William and Curties ?(2005) marketing management in practice, Elsevier Butterworth, heineman Jordan Hill, oxford uk Jeff H.O Sandra j H(2002), Organisation behavior bost business books Binghamton Usa Gupta B.L(2007) management of competency based learning 1ST edition, ashok kumar mittal, India Dubrin A.J (2008), essentials of management 8th edition, south western cenagage learning, usa. http://www.tutor2u.net/business/gcse/organisation_aims_objectives.htm

Excretion And Elimination Of Toxicants And Their Metabolites :: essays research papers

Excretion and Elimination of Toxicants and their Metabolites The first topic that was covered by this chapter was the excretion of wastes by the Renal system. The first step that occurs in the kidney deals with the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. In the glomerulus the formation of urine begins with the passive filtration of plasma through the pores that are found in the glomerulus. The plasma is forced through these pores by hydrostatic pressure. The only things that determines if a molecule will pass through the pores of the glomerulus is it's molecular weight. The lower the molecular weight, the easier it will pass through the pores. Another determining factor will be if a molecule is bound to a large molecule. If this is true then passage through the pores will be hindered by the size of the larger molecule. Reabsorbtion of the many ions, minerals and other nutrients that escaped in the glomerular filtrate will need to be recovered.. Reabsorbtion begins in the tubules of the nephron. Anywhere from 65% to 90% of reabsorbtion occurs in these structures. Active reabsortion is used to recapture glucose, proteins, amino acids and other nutrients. Water and chloride ions are passively reabsorbed by the establishment of osmotic and electrochemical gradients. Both the Loop of Henley and collecting duct are used to establish these osmolar gradients. The tubule has a brush border that will absorb proteins and polypeptides through pinocytosis. These molecules are sometimes catabolised and converted into amino acids. and returned to the blood. Sometimes the accumulation of these proteins can lead to renal toxicity A second process that occurs in the tubules is tubular secretion. This is another mechanism used to excrete solutes. Secretion may be either passive or active. Secretions include organic bases, which occur in the pars recta of the proximal tubule. Secretions of weak bases and two weak acids occur passively. Other mechanisms involves the use of a mechanism that is called ion trapping. At a certain pH the compounds are more ionized. Outside of the tubule these compounds are non-ionized and are lipophilic. Thus they are able to diffuse across the membranes of the tubule. Once inside, the pH of the tubule will ionize them and render then unable to pass across the cell membranes. The removal of xenobiotics is dependant on many factors. First is the polarity of the xenobiotic. Polar compounds are soluble in the plasma water are more easily removed by the kidneys through the use of glomerular filtration. The faster the rate of glomerular filtration , the faster the polar xenobiotics are Excretion And Elimination Of Toxicants And Their Metabolites :: essays research papers Excretion and Elimination of Toxicants and their Metabolites The first topic that was covered by this chapter was the excretion of wastes by the Renal system. The first step that occurs in the kidney deals with the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. In the glomerulus the formation of urine begins with the passive filtration of plasma through the pores that are found in the glomerulus. The plasma is forced through these pores by hydrostatic pressure. The only things that determines if a molecule will pass through the pores of the glomerulus is it's molecular weight. The lower the molecular weight, the easier it will pass through the pores. Another determining factor will be if a molecule is bound to a large molecule. If this is true then passage through the pores will be hindered by the size of the larger molecule. Reabsorbtion of the many ions, minerals and other nutrients that escaped in the glomerular filtrate will need to be recovered.. Reabsorbtion begins in the tubules of the nephron. Anywhere from 65% to 90% of reabsorbtion occurs in these structures. Active reabsortion is used to recapture glucose, proteins, amino acids and other nutrients. Water and chloride ions are passively reabsorbed by the establishment of osmotic and electrochemical gradients. Both the Loop of Henley and collecting duct are used to establish these osmolar gradients. The tubule has a brush border that will absorb proteins and polypeptides through pinocytosis. These molecules are sometimes catabolised and converted into amino acids. and returned to the blood. Sometimes the accumulation of these proteins can lead to renal toxicity A second process that occurs in the tubules is tubular secretion. This is another mechanism used to excrete solutes. Secretion may be either passive or active. Secretions include organic bases, which occur in the pars recta of the proximal tubule. Secretions of weak bases and two weak acids occur passively. Other mechanisms involves the use of a mechanism that is called ion trapping. At a certain pH the compounds are more ionized. Outside of the tubule these compounds are non-ionized and are lipophilic. Thus they are able to diffuse across the membranes of the tubule. Once inside, the pH of the tubule will ionize them and render then unable to pass across the cell membranes. The removal of xenobiotics is dependant on many factors. First is the polarity of the xenobiotic. Polar compounds are soluble in the plasma water are more easily removed by the kidneys through the use of glomerular filtration. The faster the rate of glomerular filtration , the faster the polar xenobiotics are

Gender

What Is gender oscillation? (4 marks) 1. 2 using examples, explain how gender oscillation takes place wealth families? (6 marks) 1. 3 Identify and explain two possible problems that are a result of gender solicitation In the family. (4 marks) 1. 4 what strategies can be employed to redress problems relating to gender solicitation? (6 marks) Task 2- 4 typed pages, font 12, double spacing follow: I am the Girl Child by Antitank Cabala When I was born in Imbue, you tied twigs on my cot saying I would be a fetcher of firewood.When I was born in Inner, you said four ululations for me and five for my brother When I was born in Ethiopia, you said to give birth to a girl child was to bear a problem' When I was born in Zambia, you said ‘a girl is a peanut seed, she enlarges the clan' When I was born in Somalia, you told me that women are children with big feet When I was born in Nigeria, you told me that women were responsible for making the sky go higher and higher so that we cannot fe ed on it When I was born in Cameroon, you told me Women are half men' Finally, when I was born in BurningFast, you said When a woman praises you for climbing, she is praising you for your falling' My country, look at me! My continent, my father, my mother, my brother, my sisters too. 2. 1 Identify and explain the gender Issues In the poem (5 marks) 2. 2 What are the direct and indirect causes of African societies' negative perception of women as evidenced in the poem? (5 marks) 2. 3 How do such perceptions Influence the treatment of women and men In African societies? (5 marks) 2. 4 Give suggestions on what can be done to deconstruct such perceptions? (5 marks)